P

Panics (1837), 34, 35, 40, 50-51; (1857), 61-62; (1873-1874), 66; (1893), 158.

Paris Peace Conference, Commission on International Labor Legislation, 105; Gompers and the treaty, 106-107.

Parker, Joel, Governor of New Jersey, 230.

Paterson (N. J.), ribbon weavers’ strike (1880), 67; silk mills strike (1913), 207-209.

Pennsylvania, communistic colonies in, 41; ten-hour law, 53; child labor law, 53; coal miners (1873), 66; strikes, 67; labor party (1878), 232; labor ticket (1872), 237; labor code, 249; mounted constabulary, 254.

Pennsylvania Railroad, Brotherhood and, 141.

People’s Council, 101.

People’s party, 235, 236; see also Populist party.

Philadelphia, early labor organizations, 21, 22;

weaving center, 26; first Trades’ Union in, 29; Trades’ Union of the City and County of, 30; number of union members (1834), 34; strike (1835), 37; sabotage in, 38; strike benefits, 39; coöperative movement, 45-46, 47; strikes, 57; unemployment (1857), 62; ribbon weavers’ strike (1880), 67; Knights of Labor in, 81; cordwainers (1806), 171; cordwainers’ strike (1792), 172; hatters’ union victory, 182; Lawrence strikers start for, 204; Workingman’s party, 220-221; workingmen’s political clubs, 221-222.

Phillips, Wendell, and ten-hour movement, 53; and eight-hour day, 71; nominated Governor of Massachusetts, 237.

Pinkerton detectives opposed by People’s party, 236.

Pittsburgh, becomes manufacturing town, 26; union in, 34; strikes, 57; riots, 67; Federation of Organized Trades established (1881), 89; railway strikes (1877), 174.

Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, Brotherhood and, 136;

Place, Francis, 17, 18.

Plumb plan of railroad operations, see Government operation of Railroads.

Poindexter, Miles, Senator, and I. W. W., 216.

Politics, Labor and, 68, 74, 220 et seq..

Populist party, 235, 242; see also People’s party.

Port Jervis (N. Y.), Firemen’s Brotherhood organized at, 152.

Portland (Ore.), I. W. W. at, 202.

Postal savings banks, advocated by People’s party, 236.

Powderly, T. V., Grand Master of Knights of Labor, 79-80, 84.

Prison reform, 42.

Progressive party, 232.

Progressive Labor party,233.

Pullman strike, 172, 174, 195, 243, 253.